SPI Monitor October 2021
October 2021
Conditions throughout the eastern Caribbean were predominantly normal to below normal during the month of October. Trinidad normal to extremely wet southwest to northeast; Tobago exceptionally wet to normal; Grenada , Saint Lucia, St Croix and St Maarten normal; Barbados slight to extremely dry southeast to northwest; St Vincent and St Kitts predominantly normal ranging to slightly dry; Martinique and Guadeloupe predominantly normal ranging to moderately dry; Dominica moderately wet to slightly dry; Antigua predominantly extremely dry ranging to severely dry in the extreme southwest; Anguilla predominantly normal ranging to slightly wet in the northeast and St Thomas slightly dry. In the Guianas conditions ranged from severely dry to exceptionally wet. Aruba and Curacao were normal. Puerto Rico ranged from moderately dry in the west to normal in the east. Hispaniola ranged from normal in Haiti to exceptionally dry in central areas of the Dominican Republic. Jamaica was predominantly normal ranging to moderately dry in southwestern areas. Grand Cayman was normal. Cuba was mostly normal with slight to moderately dry conditions in the west and slightly dry areas in the extreme east. Northern Bahamas ranged from moderately wet to normal and Belize ranged from moderately dry in south central areas to moderately wet in the extreme northeast.
August to October 2021
Normal to below normal conditions were dominant throughout the eastern Caribbean over the three month period. Trinidad normal to extremely wet southeast to northwest; Tobago very wet to moderately dry; Grenada, St Kitts and St Croix normal to slightly dry; Barbados, Dominica and St Maarten moderately dry to normal; St Vincent, Saint Lucia and St Thomas normal; Martinique slight to severely dry; Guadeloupe slight to extremely dry; Antigua moderate to severely dry on the eastern border; Anguilla predominantly normal to slightly wet in the north. Conditions in the Guianas ranged from normal to exceptionally wet. Aruba and Curacao were normal. Puerto Rico ranged from severely dry to normal from west to east. Hispaniola ranged from slightly wet on the northern border of Haiti/ Dominican Republic to extremely dry in southeastern Dominican Republic. Jamaica ranged from moderately wet in the south to normal elsewhere. Grand Cayman was normal. Cuba ranged from exceptionally dry in the west to normal in the east and southwest. Northern Bahamas ranged from moderately wet to exceptionally dry and Belize ranged from normal in the extreme west and east to severely dry in the north.
May to October 2021
Conditions throughout the eastern Caribbean were mostly normal to below normal during the six month period. Trinidad ranged from normal to exceptionally wet southeast to northwest; Tobago very wet to normal; Grenada moderate to slightly wet; Barbados moderately dry to slightly wet; St Vincent and St Maarten normal to moderately dry; Saint Lucia, St Croix and St Kitts slight to moderately dry; Martinique moderate to extremely dry; Dominica predominantly moderately dry with severely dry conditions in the south; Guadeloupe moderate to exceptionally dry; Antigua severe to exceptionally dry; Anguilla and St Thomas normal. In the Guianas conditions ranged from normal to exceptionally wet. Aruba slightly dry to normal and Curacao was normal. Puerto Rico was predominantly normal with slightly wet conditions in the extreme north. Hispaniola was predominantly normal ranging to severely dry in the extreme southwestern tip of the Dominican Republic. Jamaica predominantly normal ranging to slightly wet in the south and to moderately dry in the west. Grand Cayman was normal. Cuba was mostly normal ranging to exceptionally dry in the west. Northern Bahamas ranged from normal to severely dry and Belize was normal in central areas ranging to moderately dry in the southeast and to severely dry in the north.
November 2020 to October 2021
Over the twelve month period conditions throughout the eastern Caribbean were predominantly normal to below normal. Trinidad exceptionally wet to normal southwest to northeast; Tobago and Anguilla slightly wet to normal; Grenada moderately wet to normal; Barbados slightly dry in the south to moderately wet in the northwest; St Vincent moderately dry; Saint Lucia slightly dry to normal; Martinique slight to extremely dry; Dominica and Guadeloupe extremely dry to normal; Antigua and St Croix moderate to severely dry; St Kitts slight to severely dry; St Maarten extremely dry to normal and St Thomas normal. In the Guianas, conditions ranged from exceptionally wet to exceptionally dry. Aruba was normal and Curacao predominantly moderate to slightly wet. Puerto Rico was normal. Hispaniola ranged from severely dry in southern areas to moderately wet in the northwest. Jamaica was mostly normal ranging to moderately wet in the southeast and to moderately dry in the extreme west. Grand Cayman was normal. Cuba ranged from severely dry in the west to moderately wet in the east. Northern Bahamas ranged from normal to extremely dry and Belize was moderately dry in the south to very wet in the northeast.
November 2019 to October 2021
Predominantly normal to below normal conditions were seen throughout the islands of the eastern Caribbean over the two year period. Trinidad ranged from extremely wet to normal; Tobago predominantly normal to slightly dry; Grenada, St Kitts and St Maarten normal to moderately dry; Barbados slightly dry to slightly wet; St Vincent exceptional to extremely dry; Saint Lucia moderate to exceptionally dry; Martinique extreme to moderately dry; Dominica severely dry to normal; Guadeloupe slight to exceptionally dry; Antigua and St Croix moderate to severely dry; Anguilla normal to slightly wet and St Thomas normal. In the Guianas, conditions ranged from exceptionally wet to severely dry. Aruba was normal to slightly dry and Curacao normal. Puerto Rico ranged from moderately dry in the west to slightly wet in the east. Hispaniola ranged from exceptionally dry in central areas of the Dominican Republic to normal in the west and extreme easterly tip. Jamaica was predominantly normal ranging to moderately wet in the southeast and moderately dry in western areas. Grand Cayman was normal. Cuba was predominantly normal with slightly wet conditions in the north. Northern Bahamas ranged from extremely wet to slightly dry and Belize ranged from severely dry in the south to slightly wet in central areas.
Disclaimer
The information contained herein is provided with the understanding that The Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology makes no warranties, either expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability of the Outlook. The information may be used freely by the public with appropriate acknowledgement of its source, but shall not be modified in content and then presented as original material.
Mean Temperature Anomalies September 2021
September 2021
Mixed temperature anomalies prevailed in the eastern Caribbean for September 2021. Trinidad was between 0.25 to 1.50 oC warmer; Tobago, Grenada, Saint Lucia Martinique and St. Maarten were between 0.25 and 0.75 oC warmer; Barbados was between 0 and 1.50 oC warmer; Dominica was between 1.50 oC warmer to 0.75 oC cooler south to north; Guadeloupe was between 0 and 0.75 oC cooler; Antigua and St. Croix were between 0 to 0.25 oC cooler; St. Kitts was between 0 and 0.75 oC warmer and St. Thomas was between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.25 oC warmer. In the Guianas, conditions ranged from 0.75 oC cooler to 1.50 oC warmer. Aruba was between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer and Curacao was between 0 and 0.25oC cooler. Puerto Rico was between 0.25 oC warmer to 1.50 oC warmer. Dominican Republic was predominantly between 0 and 0.25 oC cooler and ranged up to 0.25 oC warmer. Jamaica was between 1.50 oC warmer to 0.75 oC cooler. Cuba was between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer. Grand Cayman was between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer. Northern Bahamas were between 0.25 oC warmer to 1.50 oC cooler. Belize was between 0.75 oC cooler to 1.50 oC warmer.
July to September 2021
Mixed temperature anomalies prevailed in the eastern Caribbean for the period July to September 2021. Trinidad and St. Thomas were between 0.25 to 0.75 oC warmer; Tobago and Grenada, Martinique and St. Maarten were between 0 to 0.75 oC warmer; Barbados was between 0.25 oC cooler to 1.50 oC warmer; Saint Lucia was between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer; Dominica was between 0.75 oC warmer to 0.75 oC cooler; Guadeloupe was between 0.25 to 0.75 oC cooler; Antigua and St. Croix were between 0.25 and 0.75 oC cooler; St. Kitts was between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.25 oC warmer. Conditions in the Guianas were predominantly between 0.25 to 0.75 oC warmer ranging to 0.25 oC cooler. Aruba was between 0 to 0.75 oC warmer and Curacao was between 0 and 0.25 oC cooler. Puerto Rico was between 0.25 to 0.75 oC warmer. Dominican Republic was predominantly between 0 and 0.25 oC cooler and ranged up to 0.25 oC warmer. Jamaica was between 0.75 oC warmer to 1.50 oC cooler. Cuba was between 0.25 oC warmer and 0.25 oC cooler. Grand Cayman was between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer. Northern Bahamas was between 0.75 oC cooler and 0.25 oC warmer. Belize was between 0.75 oC cooler and 1.50 oC warmer.
April to September 2021
Mixed temperature anomalies prevailed in the eastern Caribbean for the period April to September 2021. Trinidad was predominantly between 0.25 to 0.75 oC warmer with the southwest ranging between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer; Tobago, Grenada and St. Maarten were between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer; Barbados and Martinique were between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer; and Dominica was between 1.50 oC warmer to 0.75 oC cooler; Saint Lucia, Antigua and St. Croix were between 0 to 0.75 oC cooler; Guadeloupe was between 0.25 to 0.75 oC cooler; St. Kitts was predominantly between 0 and 0.25 oC cooler and ranged up to 0.25 oC warmer; St. Thomas was between 0.25 and 0.75 oC warmer. Conditions in the Guianas ranged from 0.75 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer. Aruba was between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer. Curacao was between 0.25 and 0.75 oC cooler. Puerto Rico was between 0 and 0.75 oC warmer. Dominican Republic was between 0 to 0.25 oC cooler. Cuba was predominantly between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer ranging up to 0.75 oC warmer in the extreme western tip. Grand Cayman was between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer. Jamaica was between 0.75 oC warmer to 1.50 oC cooler. Northern Bahamas were between 0.75 oC cooler to 0.25 oC warmer. Belize was between 0.75 oC cooler to 1.50 oC warmer.
October 2020 to September 2021
Mixed conditions prevailed in the islands of the eastern Caribbean for the Twelve-month period, October 2020 to September 2021. Trinidad was predominantly between 0.25 to 0.75 oC warmer with the southwest ranging between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer; Tobago and St. Thomas were between 0.25 and 0.75 oC warmer; Grenada was between 0 and 0.75 oC warmer; Barbados and Dominica were between 0.75 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer; Saint Lucia was between 0.25 oC warmer to 0.75 oC cooler south to north; Martinique was between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer; Guadeloupe and Antigua were between 0 to 0.75 oC cooler; St. Kitts was between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.25 oC warmer; St. Maarten was between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer; St. Croix was between 0.25 oC cooler and 0.25 oC warmer. Conditions in the Guianas ranged from at least 0.75 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer. Aruba was between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer and Curacao was between 0 to 0.75 oC cooler. Puerto Rico was predominantly between 0.25 to 0.75 oC warmer with the northeast ranging between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer. Dominican Republic was between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer. Cuba was predominantly between 0.25 and 0.75 oC warmer with the east being between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer. Grand Cayman was predominantly between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer with a small section in the west being between 0.25 and 0.75 oC warmer. Jamaica was between 1.50 oC warmer 1.50 oC cooler. Northern Bahamas was between 0 and 0.75 oC warmer. Belize was between 0.25 oC cooler to 1.50 oC warmer.
Mean Temperature for September 2021
Mean Temperature for the Period October 2020 to September 2021
Disclaimer
The information contained herein is provided with the understanding that The Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology makes no warranties, either expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability of the Outlook. The information may be used freely by the public with appropriate acknowledgement of its source, but shall not be modified in content and then presented as original material.
SPI Monitor September 2021
September 2021
Conditions throughout the eastern Caribbean were predominantly normal to below normal during the month of September. Trinidad moderately dry to slightly wet southeast to northwest; Tobago, St Maarten and St Kitts slightly dry to normal; Grenada slight to moderately dry; Barbados extremely dry to exceptionally wet southeast to northwest; St Vincent and Dominica extremely dry to normal; Saint Lucia and Martinique normal to exceptionally dry; Guadeloupe severely dry to normal; Antigua and St Thomas normal; Anguilla normal to slightly wet and St Croix moderately dry. In the Guianas, conditions ranged from moderately dry in northwestern Guyana to exceptionally wet around the northern Suriname/French Guiana border and in Northeastern French Guiana. Aruba and Curacao were normal. Puerto Rico was predominantly normal with slightly dry conditions in the extreme southwest and southeastern areas. Hispaniola was predominantly normal, ranging to exceptionally dry in the extreme southwest of Haiti and to severely dry in southeast Dominican Republic. Jamaica ranged from normal in central areas to moderately dry in western areas and to exceptionally dry in the east. Grand Cayman was exceptionally dry. Cuba ranged from mostly normal in central areas to exceptionally dry in the west and to moderately dry in the east. Northern Bahamas ranged from very wet to exceptionally dry and Belize was predominantly normal ranging to moderately dry in the southeast and extreme north.
July to September 2021
Normal to below normal conditions were dominant throughout the eastern Caribbean over the three month period. Trinidad ranged from exceptionally wet to normal; Tobago normal to moderately dry; Grenada, St Vincent and St Thomas normal; Barbados normal to extremely wet; Saint Lucia and St Kitts normal to moderately dry; Martinique and Guadeloupe slight to extremely dry; Dominica severe to moderately dry; Antigua and St Croix slight to moderately dry; St Maarten severely dry to normal, Anguilla predominantly normal ranging to slightly dry in the south and slightly wet in the north. Conditions in the Guianas ranged from normal in northern Guyana to exceptionally wet in northern French Guiana. Aruba and curacao were normal. Puerto Rico ranged from moderately dry in southeastern areas to normal in the extreme east and northwestern areas. Hispaniola ranged from severely dry in the extreme south to moderately wet in the northwest. Jamaica ranged from extremely wet in the extreme south to moderately dry in the west and moderately wet in the east. Grand Cayman was normal. Cuba was predominantly normal, ranging to exceptionally dry in the west, to slightly dry in the northeast and to slightly wet in the extreme east. Northern Bahamas ranged from normal to exceptionally dry and Belize ranged from slightly wet in the west to extremely dry in the north.
April to September 2021
Over the six month period, conditions throughout the eastern Caribbean were predominantly normal to below normal. Trinidad ranged from moderately dry to exceptionally wet southeast to northwest; Tobago moderately wet to predominantly normal; Grenada moderate to slightly wet; Barbados slightly dry to very wet, St Vincent and Saint Lucia normal to moderately dry; Martinique and Dominica moderate to extremely dry; Guadeloupe moderate to exceptionally dry; Antigua severe to extremely dry; St Kitts moderate to severely dry; St Maarten severely dry to normal; Anguilla predominantly normal to slightly dry; St Croix moderately dry and St Thomas predominantly normal to slightly wet in the north. Conditions in the Guianas ranged from normal to exceptionally wet. Aruba and Curacao were normal. Puerto Rico ranged from moderately wet in northwestern areas to normal in the east. Hispaniola was predominantly normal with slightly wet conditions in northern Haiti ranging to moderately dry in the extreme southwestern tip of the Dominican Republic. Jamaica ranged from moderately wet in southern areas to moderately dry in the west and to slightly dry in the northeast. Grand Cayman was normal. Cuba was predominantly normal ranging to exceptionally dry in the west and to slightly wet in the extreme east. Northern Bahamas ranged from slight to moderately dry and Belize ranged from normal in central and southern areas to moderately dry in the north.
October 2020 to September 2021
Mixed conditions were seen over the twelve month period throughout the eastern Caribbean. Trinidad exceptionally wet to normal west to east; Tobago, Saint Lucia and Anguilla normal to slightly wet; Grenada moderately wet to normal; Barbados moderate to very wet, St Vincent slightly dry to normal; Martinique normal to extremely dry; Dominica severely dry to moderately wet; Guadeloupe and St Maarten normal to moderately dry; Antigua and St Kitts slight to moderately dry; St Croix extreme to moderately dry and St Thomas normal. In the Guianas, conditions were predominantly exceptionally wet ranging to slightly wet in northern Guyana. Aruba was normal and Curacao moderately wet. Puerto Rico was predominantly normal with slightly dry conditions in the extreme southeast. Hispaniola was predominantly normal with extremely dry conditions in the extreme southwest of the Dominican Republic and slightly wet conditions in northern Haiti. Jamaica ranged from extremely wet in the extreme south to moderately dry in the west and to normal in the northeast. Grand Cayman was slight to moderately wet. Cuba was predominantly normal ranging to moderately dry in the northwest and to moderately wet in the extreme east. Northern Bahamas was predominantly normal ranging to moderately dry. Belize ranged from slightly dry in the south to very wet in the north.
October 2019 to September 2021
Conditions were predominantly normal to below normal throughout the eastern Caribbean over the two year period. Trinidad ranged from moderately wet to moderately dry; Tobago and Grenada predominantly normal to slightly dry; Barbados slightly dry to slightly wet; St Vincent and Saint Lucia exceptional to severely dry; Martinique extremely dry to normal; Dominica severely dry to normal; Guadeloupe slight to exceptionally dry; Antigua moderately dry; St Kitts slight to moderately dry; St Maarten moderately dry to normal; Anguilla predominantly normal to slightly wet; St Croix severe to moderately dry and St Thomas normal. Conditions in the Guianas ranged from exceptionally wet to moderately dry. Aruba and Curacao were normal. Puerto Rico ranged from moderately dry in the west to slightly wet in the northeast. Hispaniola ranged from normal in western areas and the extreme east to exceptionally dry in southern areas of the Dominican Republic. Jamaica was predominantly normal ranging to severely dry in the west, slightly wet in the northwest and to moderately wet in eastern areas. Grand Cayman was normal. Cuba was predominantly normal with some slightly wet conditions in the extreme north. Northern Bahamas ranged from very wet to normal and Belize ranged from severely dry in the southeast to slightly wet in north central areas.
Disclaimer
The information contained herein is provided with the understanding that The Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology makes no warranties, either expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability of the Outlook. The information may be used freely by the public with appropriate acknowledgement of its source, but shall not be modified in content and then presented as original material.
Mean Temperature Anomalies August 2021
August 2021
Mixed temperature anomalies prevailed in the eastern Caribbean for August 2021. Trinidad and St. Thomas were between 0.25 to 0.75 oC warmer; Tobago, Grenada and St. Maarten were between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer; Barbados was between.0.75 oC cooler to 1.50 oC warmer; Saint Lucia was between 0 and 0.25 oC cooler; Martinique was between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer south to north; Dominica was between 1.50 oC warmer to 0.75 oC cooler south to north; Guadeloupe and St. Croix were between 0.25 to 1.50 oC cooler; Antigua was between 0.25 to 0.75 oC cooler; St. Kitts was predominantly 0.25 cooler to 0.25 oC warmer. In the Guianas, conditions ranged from 0.75 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer. Aruba was between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer and Curacao was between 0 and 0.75oC cooler. Puerto Rico was between 0.25 oC warmer to 0.75 oC warmer. Dominican Republic was between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.25 oC warmer. Jamaica was between 0.75 oC warmer to 1.50 oC cooler. Cuba and Northern Bahamas were between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer. Grand Cayman was between 0 to 0.25 oC cooler. Belize was between 0.75 oC cooler to 1.50 oC warmer.
June to August 2021
Mixed temperature anomalies prevailed in the eastern Caribbean for the period June to August 2021. Trinidad and St. Thomas were between 0.25 to 0.75 oC warmer; Tobago and Grenada were between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer; Barbados and Martinique were between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer; Saint Lucia was between 0 to 0.75 oC cooler; Dominica was between 0.75 oC warmer to 0.75 oC cooler; Guadeloupe was between 0.25 to 1.50 oC cooler; Antigua and St. Croix were between 0.25 and 0.75 oC cooler; St. Kitts and St. Maarten were between 0 to 0.25 oC cooler; In the Guianas, conditions ranged from at least 0.75 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer. Aruba was between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer and Curacao was between 0.25 and 0.75 oC cooler. Puerto Rico was between 0.75 warmer to 0.25 oC cooler. Dominican Republic was between 0 and 0.75 oC cooler. Jamaica was between 0.75 oC warmer to 1.50 oC cooler. Cuba was between 0.25 oC warmer and 0.25 oC cooler. Grand Cayman was between 0 and 0.25 oC cooler. Northern Bahamas was between 0.75 oC cooler and 0.25 oC warmer. Belize was between 0.75 oC cooler and 1.50 oC warmer.
March to August 2021
Mixed temperature anomalies prevailed in the eastern Caribbean for the period March to August 2021. Trinidad, Tobago, Grenada and St. Maarten were between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer; Barbados and Dominica were between 0.75 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer; Saint Lucia, Antigua and St. Croix were between 0 to 0.75 oC cooler; Martinique was between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer; Guadeloupe was between 0.25 to 0.75 oC cooler; St. Kitts was between 0 and 0.25 oC cooler; St. Thomas was between 0.25 and 0.75 oC warmer. Conditions in the Guianas ranged from 0.75 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer. Aruba was between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer. Curacao was between 0.25 and 0.75 oC cooler. Puerto Rico was between 0 and 0.75 oC warmer. Dominican Republic was between 0 to 0.25 oC cooler. Cuba was between 0 and 0.75 oC warmer. Grand Cayman was between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer. Jamaica was between 0.75 oC warmer to 1.50 oC cooler. Northern Bahamas were between 0 and 0.75 oC warmer. Belize was between 0.75 oC cooler to 1.50 oC warmer.
September 2020 to August 2021
Mixed conditions prevailed in the islands of the eastern Caribbean for the Twelve-month period, September 2020 to August 2021. Trinidad was between 0 and 0.75 oC warmer; Tobago, Grenada, and St. Thomas were between 0.25 and 0.75 oC warmer; Barbados and Dominica were between 0.75 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer; Saint Lucia was between 0.25 oC warmer to 0.75 oC cooler south to north; Martinique was between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer; Guadeloupe and Antigua were between 0 to 0.75 oC cooler; St. Kitts was between 0.25 oC cooler to 0.25 oC warmer; St. Maarten was between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer; St. Croix was between 0.25 oC cooler and 0.25 oC warmer. Conditions in the Guianas ranged from at least 0.75 oC cooler to 0.75 oC warmer. Aruba was between 0 to 0.25 oC warmer and Curacao was between 0 to 0.25 oC cooler. Puerto Rico was between 0 and 0.75 oC warmer. Dominican Republic was between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer. Cuba was predominantly between 0.25 and 0.75 oC warmer with a small section in the east being between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer. Grand Cayman was predominantly between 0 and 0.25 oC warmer with a small section in the west being between 0.25 and 0.75 oC warmer. Jamaica was between 1.50 oC warmer 1.50 oC cooler. Northern Bahamas was between 0.25 to 0.75oC warmer. Belize was between 0 and 1.50 oC warmer.
Mean Temperature for August 2021
Mean Temperature for the Period September 2020 to August 2021
Disclaimer
The information contained herein is provided with the understanding that The Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology makes no warranties, either expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability of the Outlook. The information may be used freely by the public with appropriate acknowledgement of its source, but shall not be modified in content and then presented as original material.
